@article{oai:air.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000863,
 author = {WATANABE, Yoshinori},
 issue = {28},
 journal = {教育実践研究紀要},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {The present paper portrays three theories of motivation in the expectation that it will help to understand the washback effect of language tests on learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The three theories that are identified involve attribution theories of motivation, flow, and functional theories of motivation. The characteristics of these theories are described in a way in which they may help understand the meaning of the recent attempt by the Japanese Ministry of Education to innovate in EFL practices by means of a Criterion-Referenced Assessment System. The paper concludes with several predictions regarding the effectiveness of the project that should be examined in future research.},
 pages = {1--6},
 title = {The Importance of Motivation Theories for Understanding Washback to the Learner},
 year = {2006}
}