@article{oai:air.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005465,
 author = {Kudo, Yukiko and Sasaki, Makiko},
 issue = {e12327},
 journal = {The Japan Journal of Nursing Science},
 month = {},
 note = {Aim: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of a hand massage　with a warm hand bath on sleep, autonomic nervous activity, subjective　sleep quality, and relaxation in elderly women with sleep disturbance.　Methods: A crossover design was used. Participants were assigned to two groups:　a structured control first and intervention second condition, or an intervention first　and control second condition. The sleep index as assessed by actigraphy, autonomic　nervous activity, subjective sleep quality, and relaxationwas then recorded.　Results: The mean age of the participants was 77.8 ± 6.8 years (n = 28).　According to the actigraph, the intervention day showed significantly improved　sleep efficiency (p = .048) and sleep onset latency (p = .015). Regarding autonomic　nervous activity, heart rate decreased significantly after the intervention　(p = .001), but no significant differences were seen in the other indexes. Subjective　sleep quality, which was investigated using the middle-age and aged version　of the Oguri–Shirakawa–Azumi sleep questionnaire, was significantly　higher after the intervention for four out of five factors. Subjective comfort and　relaxation were significantly higher after the intervention for all items.　Conclusions: A hand massage with a warm hand bath in the evening　improved sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in elderly women with sleep　disturbance. These results suggest that a hand bath and massage may improve　subjective sleep quality and relaxation.},
 title = {Effect of a hand massage with a warm hand bath on sleep and relaxation in elderly women with disturbance of sleep: A crossover trial},
 volume = {17},
 year = {2020}
}