2026-03-09T08:54:29Z https://air.repo.nii.ac.jp/oai

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Loss of Apelin Augments Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Pathological Remodeling Sato, Teruki Kadowaki, Ayumi Suzuki, Takashi Ito, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Imai, Yumiko Kuba, Keiji apelin APJ receptor angiotensin II angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ACE inhibitor transforming growth-factor beta heart failure Apelin is an inotropic and cardioprotective peptide that exhibits beneficial effects through activation of the APJ receptor in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Apelin induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in failing hearts, thereby improving heart function in an angiotensin 1-7-dependent manner. Whether apelin antagonizes the over-activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the heart remains elusive. In this study we show that the detrimental effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) were exacerbated in the hearts of aged apelin-gene-deficient mice. Ang II-mediated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy were augmented in apelin knockout mice. The loss of apelin increased the ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to ACE2 expression in the Ang II-stressed hearts, and Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis was markedly enhanced in apelin knockout mice. mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic genes, such as transforming growth-factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling, were significantly upregulated in apelin knockout hearts. Consistently, treatment with the ACE-inhibitor Captopril decreased cardiac contractility in apelin knockout mice. In vitro, apelin ameliorated Ang II-induced TGF-beta expression in primary cardiomyocytes, accompanied with reduced hypertrophy. These results provide direct evidence that endogenous apelin plays a crucial role in suppressing Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. journal article MDPI 2019 VoR application/pdf INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2 20 https://air.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/5894/files/iA_2022_63.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10295/00006206 https://air.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/5894 eng https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020239 © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). open access