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理科実験において予想をもつことの意義について -小学校第4学年の「空気のかさと温度」の授業を例として- On the significance for children of possessing their own anticipation of experimental results in science lessons: in a case of lessons where the fourth-grader children studied about relationship between temperature and volume of air 山岡, 剛 YAMAOKA, Tsuyoshi School science Anticipation of experimental results Anticipation by the choice Thermal expansion of air 理科教育 空気の熱膨張 実験結果の予想 選択肢による予想 Lessons were conducted for the 4th grade students at an elementary school concerning the relationship between temperature and the volume of air. Teaching was based on printed materials which contained observation tasks with explanations for their results. Each of the tasks was given in which the students were asked to predict its results by answering some multiple-choice questions on it. The textbook used at the school has instructions for students to do an experiment early in the introductory part in which a cork plug made of polyethylene form is made to jump out of a flask by warming (the air in) the flask, but in our study the experiment was conducted later in the consolidating stage. In addition, our teaching included another observation which the students did as to how the air expands and contracts inside the flask which was held upside down on the surface of water. Judging from the students' active involvement in the activity, their answers to the task questions, and their written comments after the classes, it is considered that our teaching was effective in awakening their interest and m helping them understand the contents. 小学校第4学年を対象に,空気の温度と体積の関係をテーマとした授業をおこなった.実験観察の課題と結果についての解説とを記載したプリントを用意し,それに沿って授業を進めた.課題は,結果の予想を選択肢によって選ばせる質問の形で提示した.この学校で用いられている教科書では,フラスコの口にはめた発泡ポリエチレンの栓をフラスコを温めることにより飛び出させる実験を,学習の導入として児童におこなわせているが,今回の授業では,この実験を学習のまとめとして位置づけた.また,教科書にはない,水の上に伏せたフラスコの中に閉じ込められた空気の膨張と収縮を観察する作業を取り入れた.児童の授業における取り組み状況,選択肢の回答分布および,授業後の児童の感想文から,今回の授業内容が,児童の興味と集中を高め,学習内容の理解に導く上で有効であったことが示された. 秋田大学教育文化学部附属教育実践総合センター 2008-05-01 jpn departmental bulletin paper VoR http://hdl.handle.net/10295/1587 https://air.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/1586 13449214 AA11532120 秋田大学教育文化学部教育実践研究紀要 30 1 12 https://air.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1586/files/yam6.pdf application/pdf 892.2 kB 2017-02-16